The Situation of
the Environment
in Madagascar
The environmental situation in
Madagascar can be
described through two aspects:
Natural environment
The natural environment consists of:
- The resources, among which:
- Water resources : whose distribution and
potentiality are not homogeneous through the island, but which manage
overall to meet the needs, as well in quantity as in quality;
- Vegetation : which is very varied according to the
areas and the situation;
- Fauna and flora : which have high levels of diversity
and endemicity;
- Subsoil resources.
- Some physical aspects of the environment, such as:
- The state of soils,
- The climatic situation.
Human environment
The human environment consists of:
- The human activities have more or less
important impacts on the environment; moreover, the social
and economic living conditions of the population have rather
close bonds with the management of the surroundings in which this population
evolves/moves.
- Madagascar being a country with agricultural vocation, like
the majority of the developing countries agriculture constitutes one of the dominant activities.
Regarding the industry,
- the agro-alimentary sector represents half
of the production.
- The sector of transport, which is also
essential to the economic development, can have considerable impacts
on the environment.
- It is also necessary to look at the sector of energy production, since many environmental problems are caused
by the insufficiency of the energy provisioning.
Last, it is necessary to announce that the
characteristics of the Malagasy natural environment (fauna
and flora, natural site) should constitute a factor which would
support the development of the tourism.
- In addition, it is certain that a better management of the
environment is conditioned by the behavior of the
population and the various actors implied by the question. However,
the adoption of a favorable attitude towards the environment depends
not only on the awarness of the problem importance
problems, but more especially on the economic and social living conditions as of the context in which evolves/moves
the various development operators.
- The socio-economical aspects are characterized by:
- A strong growth of the population compared
to the resources and the production;
- A degradation of the standard of living and
social conditions (incomes, employment, health, education,...)
- A bad settlement distribution, of which
more half is concentrated on a little more than the tenth of the total
surface.
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